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Record sog_st_usdc
USDC/USD Coin
Also recorded as USDC
- Lifecycle
- Active
- Issuance
- Restricted
- Reference target
- US dollar
- Primary organization
- Circle
No additional recorded relationship - Launch
- 2018-09-26
- Redemption
- Institutional Only
- Backing
- Fiat and cash equivalents
- Stabilization
- Issuer redemption
- Last review
- 2026-06-04
- Evidence
- 10 source records
Reviewed assessment
Identity and current state
This summary reports reviewed facts and uncertainty. It is not a rating or recommendation.A US dollar-pegged stablecoin issued by Circle, supported by reserve reports, institutional redemption through Circle Mint, and a documented recovery from the March 2023 depeg.
| Name | USD Coin |
|---|---|
| Symbol | USDC |
| Aliases | USDC |
| Asset class | Stablecoin |
| Lifecycle status | Active |
| Issuance status | Restricted |
| Canonical record ID | sog_st_usdc |
| Route slug | usdc |
| Record confidence | Medium |
| Last reviewed | 2026-06-04 |
- Name
- USD Coin
- Symbol
- USDC
- Aliases
- USDC
- Asset class
- Stablecoin
- Lifecycle status
- Active
- Issuance status
- Restricted
- Canonical record ID
sog_st_usdc- Route slug
usdc- Record confidence
- Medium
- Last reviewed
- 2026-06-04
Record coverage
| Section | Entries |
|---|---|
| Organizations | 1 |
| Sources | 10 |
| Reserve reports | 4 |
| Reserve components | 2 |
| Model-history events | 1 |
| Regulatory notes | 2 |
| Deployments | 3 |
| Issuer-control actions | 0 |
| Open questions | 2 |
| Events | 2 |
Primary display is a navigation and summary choice only. It does not replace other organizations or imply sole legal responsibility, operational control, reserve custody, or historical continuity.
- Governance
- Centralized
- Primary display organization
- Circle
- Primary display role
- Legal issuer
- Relationship coverage
- 1 recorded relationship
Control and relationship coverage
- Display selection mode
- Deterministic Policy
- Current relationships
- 1
- Ended relationships
- 0
- Unknown relationship state
- 0
- Freeze capability
- 0 recorded yes · 0 recorded no · 3 not recorded
- Blacklist capability
- 0 recorded yes · 0 recorded no · 3 not recorded
- Deployment control-event references
- 0
- Observed issuer-control events
- 0
| Organization | Organization category | Regulatory character | Jurisdiction | Role | Display priority | From | Until | Relationship status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Circle | Company or corporate group | Not recorded in canonical data | United States | Legal issuer | Primary display | 2018-09-26 | Not yet recorded | Active relationship |
Company or corporate group
Primary displayCircle
- Functional role
- Legal issuer
- Relationship status
- Active relationship
- Regulatory character
- Not recorded in canonical data
- Jurisdiction
- United States
- From
- 2018-09-26
- Until
- Not recorded
Mechanism
How the asset works
Primary operating facts are shown first. Classification and methodology details remain available below.- Reference target
- US dollar
- Public backing model
- Fiat and cash equivalents
- Primary stabilization mechanism
- Issuer redemption
- Redemption / exit model
- Institutional Only
- Valuation source
- Public information is incomplete
- Yield / rebase profile
- None recorded
Classification and mechanism details
- Reference kind
- Fiat
- Comparison category
- US dollar
- Target value
- 1
- Reference methodology
- Targets a US dollar reference value unless the record documents a different target value.
- Canonical backing types
- Cash, Government Securities
- Reserve component categories
- Cash, Government Securities
- Recorded model description
- Fiat-backed
- Classification notes
- Not recorded
Reserve and redemption
Reserve and redemption
Recorded components, disclosures, reports, and redemption conditions remain explicit.Reserve components
- CashCash
- Government securitiesGovernment Securities
| Disclosure status | Available |
|---|---|
| Backing types | Cash, Government Securities |
| Summary | Circle reserve reports and examination reports are tracked separately as historical records. |
| As of | 2026-06-04 |
| Profile confidence | Medium |
- Disclosure status
- Available
- Backing types
- Cash, Government Securities
- Summary
- Circle reserve reports and examination reports are tracked separately as historical records.
- As of
- 2026-06-04
- Profile confidence
- Medium
| Current status | Institutional Only |
|---|---|
| Settlement asset | USD |
| Eligible parties | Eligible Circle Mint customers; retail access is generally indirect through partners and markets. |
| Retail access | Indirect via Partners |
| Institutional access | Available Through Circle Mint Subject to Terms |
| Minimum amount | Subject to current Circle terms. |
| Fee | Subject to current Circle terms. |
| Settlement time | Subject to Circle Mint and banking operations. |
| Regional limits | Account type and jurisdiction restrictions apply. |
- Current status
- Institutional Only
- Settlement asset
- USD
- Eligible parties
- Eligible Circle Mint customers; retail access is generally indirect through partners and markets.
- Retail access
- Indirect via Partners
- Institutional access
- Available Through Circle Mint Subject to Terms
- Minimum amount
- Subject to current Circle terms.
- Fee
- Subject to current Circle terms.
- Settlement time
- Subject to Circle Mint and banking operations.
- Regional limits
- Account type and jurisdiction restrictions apply.
| Date | Publisher | Type | Assets covered | Record confidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-06-01 | Circle | Issuer Disclosure | Cash, Short Duration Us Treasuries | Medium |
| 2026-06-03 | Circle | Reserve Report Archive | Cash, Short Duration Us Treasuries, Not yet recorded | Medium |
| 2026-02-26 | Circle Internet Group | Examination Report | Cash, Short Duration Us Treasuries | Medium |
| 2023-03-11 | Circle | Issuer Event Disclosure | Cash At Banking Partner, Reserve Asset Exposure | Medium |
Circle
2026-06-01- Type
- Issuer Disclosure
- Assets covered
- Cash, Short Duration Us Treasuries
- Record confidence
- Medium
Circle
2026-06-03- Type
- Reserve Report Archive
- Assets covered
- Cash, Short Duration Us Treasuries, Public information incomplete
- Record confidence
- Medium
Circle Internet Group
2026-02-26- Type
- Examination Report
- Assets covered
- Cash, Short Duration Us Treasuries
- Record confidence
- Medium
Circle
2023-03-11- Type
- Issuer Event Disclosure
- Assets covered
- Cash At Banking Partner, Reserve Asset Exposure
- Record confidence
- Medium
Deployments and legal context
Deployments and legal context
Network state, contract identity, legal notices, and value states remain separate.| Network | Standard | Deployment type | Operational state | Contract or identifier |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ethereum | Not yet recorded | Issuer- or institution-supported deployment | Active | 0xA0b86991c6218b36c1d19D4a2e9Eb0cE3606eB48 |
Technical, canonicality, and control fields
| ||||
| Base | Not yet recorded | Issuer- or institution-supported deployment | Active | 0x833589fCD6eDb6E08f4c7C32D4f71b54bdA02913 |
Technical, canonicality, and control fields
| ||||
| Solana | Not yet recorded | Issuer- or institution-supported deployment | Active | EPjFWdd5AufqSSqeM2qN1xzybapC8G4wEGGkZwyTDt1v |
Technical, canonicality, and control fields
| ||||
Network
ActiveEthereum
- Standard
- Not yet recorded
- Deployment type
- Issuer- or institution-supported deployment
- Contract or identifier
- 0xA0b86991c6218b36c1d19D4a2e9Eb0cE3606eB48
Technical, canonicality, and control fields
- Network record state
- Specific network recorded
- Canonical deployment type
- Native or Issuer Supported
- Recorded status
- Active
- Change or proposal state
- No separate change state recorded
- Canonicality
- Issuer-native deployment
- Canonicality record state
- Canonicality recorded
- Verification state
- Identifier recorded; verification not recorded
- Contract identity state
- Identifier recorded
- Freeze
- Not yet recorded
- Blacklist
- Not yet recorded
- Control events
- 0
- Notes
- Full chain-by-chain native/bridged status remains a open question outside selected official Circle contract references.
Network
ActiveBase
- Standard
- Not yet recorded
- Deployment type
- Issuer- or institution-supported deployment
- Contract or identifier
- 0x833589fCD6eDb6E08f4c7C32D4f71b54bdA02913
Technical, canonicality, and control fields
- Network record state
- Specific network recorded
- Canonical deployment type
- Native or Issuer Supported
- Recorded status
- Active
- Change or proposal state
- No separate change state recorded
- Canonicality
- Issuer-native deployment
- Canonicality record state
- Canonicality recorded
- Verification state
- Identifier recorded; verification not recorded
- Contract identity state
- Identifier recorded
- Freeze
- Not yet recorded
- Blacklist
- Not yet recorded
- Control events
- 0
- Notes
- Not a complete deployment inventory.
Network
ActiveSolana
- Standard
- Not yet recorded
- Deployment type
- Issuer- or institution-supported deployment
- Contract or identifier
- EPjFWdd5AufqSSqeM2qN1xzybapC8G4wEGGkZwyTDt1v
Technical, canonicality, and control fields
- Network record state
- Specific network recorded
- Canonical deployment type
- Native or Issuer Supported
- Recorded status
- Active
- Change or proposal state
- No separate change state recorded
- Canonicality
- Issuer-native deployment
- Canonicality record state
- Canonicality recorded
- Verification state
- Identifier recorded; verification not recorded
- Contract identity state
- Identifier recorded
- Freeze
- Not yet recorded
- Blacklist
- Not yet recorded
- Control events
- 0
- Notes
- Not a complete deployment inventory.
| Date | Title | Authority / publisher | Type | Summary |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2023-03-11 | USDC banking exposure context during Silicon Valley Bank failure | Circle | Banking Context | Circle disclosed USDC reserve exposure to Silicon Valley Bank during the March 2023 banking crisis. The archive records this as banking/regulatory context connected to the recovered USDC depeg event. |
| 2023-03-12 | USDC operations reopening context after March 2023 banking weekend | Circle | Issuer Operational Notice | Circle stated that USDC operations would open for business after U.S. federal banking actions during the March 2023 banking weekend. The archive records this as recovery context connected to the recovered depeg event. |
USDC banking exposure context during Silicon Valley Bank failure
2023-03-11Circle disclosed USDC reserve exposure to Silicon Valley Bank during the March 2023 banking crisis. The archive records this as banking/regulatory context connected to the recovered USDC depeg event.
- Authority / publisher
- Circle
- Type
- Banking Context
USDC operations reopening context after March 2023 banking weekend
2023-03-12Circle stated that USDC operations would open for business after U.S. federal banking actions during the March 2023 banking weekend. The archive records this as recovery context connected to the recovered depeg event.
- Authority / publisher
- Circle
- Type
- Issuer Operational Notice
Evidence
Evidence
Publisher, provenance, supported claims, archive state, reliability, and publication date remain separate.| Source | Publisher | Source category | Provenance | Primary or secondary | Supported claims | Archive | Reliability |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Circle Transparency Published Not yet recorded | Circle | Official statement or announcement Canonical: Issuer Statement | Subject-controlled source | Primary source | Reserve, Reserve History, Circle reserve transparency, stablecoin reserve composition, and monthly attestation entry point | Direct archived snapshot | High |
| Circle update on USDC and Silicon Valley Bank exposure Published 2023-03-11 | Circle | Official statement or announcement Canonical: Issuer Statement | Subject-controlled source | Primary source | Depeg Event | No archive recorded | High |
| USDC official product page Published Not yet recorded | Circle | Official statement or announcement Canonical: Issuer Statement | Subject-controlled source | Primary source | Entity Redemption, Redemption Access | Direct archived snapshot | High |
| Circle update after federal banking actions in March 2023 Published 2023-03-12 | Circle | Official statement or announcement Canonical: Issuer Statement | Subject-controlled source | Primary source | Depeg Recovery, Depeg recovery | No archive recorded | High |
| 2026 USDC Examination Report January 2026 Published 2026-02-26 | Circle Internet Group | Reserve, assurance, or financial report Canonical: Reserve Report | Assurance or financial-report source | Primary source | Reserve Report | No archive recorded | High |
| USDC contract addresses Published Not yet recorded | Circle Developers | Official documentation or product page Canonical: Protocol Docs | Subject-controlled source | Primary source | Deployment Contracts | No archive recorded | High |
| USDC Terms Published 2025-12-12 | Circle | Legal terms or disclosure Canonical: Legal Terms | Subject-controlled source | Primary source | holder redemption right, Circle Mint eligibility, reserve ownership for users, reserve segregation, and one-to-one redemption | Direct archived snapshot | High |
Official statement or announcement
HighCircle Transparency
- Publisher
- Circle
- Published
- Not yet recorded
- Provenance
- Subject-controlled source
- Primary or secondary
- Primary source
- Supported claims
- Reserve, Reserve History, Circle reserve transparency, stablecoin reserve composition, and monthly attestation entry point
- Archive
- Direct archived snapshot
- Reliability
- High
Official statement or announcement
HighCircle update on USDC and Silicon Valley Bank exposure
- Publisher
- Circle
- Published
- 2023-03-11
- Provenance
- Subject-controlled source
- Primary or secondary
- Primary source
- Supported claims
- Depeg Event
- Archive
- No archive recorded
- Reliability
- High
Official statement or announcement
HighUSDC official product page
- Publisher
- Circle
- Published
- Not yet recorded
- Provenance
- Subject-controlled source
- Primary or secondary
- Primary source
- Supported claims
- Entity Redemption, Redemption Access
- Archive
- Direct archived snapshot
- Reliability
- High
Official statement or announcement
HighCircle update after federal banking actions in March 2023
- Publisher
- Circle
- Published
- 2023-03-12
- Provenance
- Subject-controlled source
- Primary or secondary
- Primary source
- Supported claims
- Depeg Recovery, Depeg recovery
- Archive
- No archive recorded
- Reliability
- High
Reserve, assurance, or financial report
High2026 USDC Examination Report January 2026
- Publisher
- Circle Internet Group
- Published
- 2026-02-26
- Provenance
- Assurance or financial-report source
- Primary or secondary
- Primary source
- Supported claims
- Reserve Report
- Archive
- No archive recorded
- Reliability
- High
Official documentation or product page
HighUSDC contract addresses
- Publisher
- Circle Developers
- Published
- Not yet recorded
- Provenance
- Subject-controlled source
- Primary or secondary
- Primary source
- Supported claims
- Deployment Contracts
- Archive
- No archive recorded
- Reliability
- High
Legal terms or disclosure
HighUSDC Terms
- Publisher
- Circle
- Published
- 2025-12-12
- Provenance
- Subject-controlled source
- Primary or secondary
- Primary source
- Supported claims
- holder redemption right, Circle Mint eligibility, reserve ownership for users, reserve segregation, and one-to-one redemption
- Archive
- Direct archived snapshot
- Reliability
- High
Known unknowns
Known unknowns and coverage
Missing or disputed facts remain visible instead of being converted into certainty.| Topic | What remains unclear | Value state | Priority | Last checked |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Historical Low Price | Lowest observed USDC price and exact depeg duration vary by data source and need a source-specific value before display. | Unknown after review | Medium | 2026-06-03 |
| Chain Deployment Status | Native vs bridged USDC status across all supported networks needs documented chain-by-chain review before The archive classifies deployment coverage as complete. | Unknown after review | Medium | 2026-06-04 |
Historical Low Price
Lowest observed USDC price and exact depeg duration vary by data source and need a source-specific value before display.
- Value state
- Unknown after review
- Priority
- Medium
- Last checked
- 2026-06-03
Chain Deployment Status
Native vs bridged USDC status across all supported networks needs documented chain-by-chain review before The archive classifies deployment coverage as complete.
- Value state
- Unknown after review
- Priority
- Medium
- Last checked
- 2026-06-04
Lifecycle
History
Current classification remains separate from dated changes and incidents.Model and lifecycle changes
| Date | Event | Category | Subtype | Status effect | Recovery |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2023-03-11 | USDC depeg during March 2023 banking crisis | Depeg and peg stress | Major Depeg | No lifecycle change | Recovered |
| 2023-03-13 | USDC operations reopen after the March 2023 banking weekend | Recovery | Depeg Recovery Context | No lifecycle change | Recovered |
Related records and corrections
Corrections and further reading
Open connected records, methodology, machine-readable data, or report a correction.Use these explainers to compare the legal, regulatory, reserve, redemption, or distribution questions connected to this record.
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- All stablecoinsCompare this record with the rest of the archive.
- CircleUnited States
- Event registry2 connected events recorded.
- MethodologyRead classification, evidence, and value-state rules.
- CorrectionsReport a source, relationship, or record problem.
- Data manifestInspect the machine-readable public layer.